Afrostain |MAIN GOAT BREEDES
INDIGENOUS
🐐MASHONA (East African type)
-Average Doe live weigh 25KG
-Average Buck live weight 35KG
-Kid weight at 12 months 17-18KG
-Kidding rate
120%
🐐MATEBELE BREED
-Average Doe live weigh 30-35KG
-Average Buck live weight 45KG
-Kid weight at 12 months 25KG
-Kidding rate 150%
🐐EXOTIC
BOER
-Average Doe live weigh 50KG
-Average Buck live weight 65KG
-Kid weight at 12 months 20-25KG
-Kidding rate
Up to 160%
🐐SAANEN (milk goat)
-Average Doe live weigh 65KG
-Average Buck live weight 65KG
-Kid weight at 12 months 25-30KG
-Kidding rate
up to 200%
Basic Physiological Data
ACTIVITY
🐐Gestation –
TIME
🐐5mths
ACTIVITY
🐐Puberty of does
TIME
🐐4-6 months but first mating delayed until 12-18 months
ACTIVITY
🐐Puberty in bucks
TIME
🐐6-8 months but first used at 12-18 months
PRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE
-Varies depending on breed, management system and conditions
PRE-WEANING slaughter traits of Indigenous goats
TRAITS
Birth mass 2.53kg
Weaning mass (140 days)(kg) – 15.2kg
Pre-slaughter mass (castrates at 18-24 months)(kg) – 31.7kg
Dressing % – 43.50kg
CAUSES OF KID MORTALITY
🐐Mortality percentages can go up to 17%
🐐Main causes are exposure to extreme weather conditions resulting in pneumonia and death. Housing and protection of kids during the first 6 weeks of life is critical
Dams producing little milk should be culled
Weaklings (kids born from multiple births, kids born premature and kids with poor suckling instincts)
Poor nutrition of the does during last stages of pregnancy
GOAT HOUSING
The standard goat pen
-The site for the pen should slope gently on firm ground to allow good drainage. I should be leeward of homestead -The site should protects goats from droughts and colds; sun; rainfall; and predators
-Floor should be 1-1.5m above ground level
-Height 2-3m (allow for ventilation)
DIMENSIONS
🐐Pen /Space Required
-Permanent pen 1.5m/sq pergoat
-Over-night pen 1m/sq per goat
-Kidding pen (Doe and kid) 3m/sq
-Permanent buck pen 3m/sq
MANAGEMENT of meat goats
-Buck to Doe ratio 1:40-50
🐐Breeding season
-Aim to have kidding during dry season to avoid moralities related to rains
Kidding normally in ; August -October and April -May
Run does and bucks together for 6-8 weeks
🐐CULLING
Does are culled on age and performance
🐐INDENTATION
Use horn brands, metal tags and paint on horns for grouping breeding does
🐐CASTRATION
-Knife: 3 weeks and older
-Burdizzo : at least 3 months
-Elastrator 1-3 days old
🐐DIPPING
-Only necessary when goats have ticks or mites. Dip all all new goats coming onto the farm
🐐FOOT BATH
-Recommended during the rainy season to control foot rot
-Use recommend disinfectants
🐐HOOF TRIMMING
-Necessary under intensive conditions and during the rainy season when feed is in abundant
🐐STOCKING RATES(veld)
10-12goats of about 40 kg live mass
🐐STOCKING RATES ON PLANTED PASTURES
-5 goats per hectare
🐐NUTRITION
-Goats prefer to browse (70% of feeding time) than to graze (30%).
-ON average, goats spend 8 hours a day feeding.
🐐 REARING
Goats can be reared under four systems :-
-Tethering system
-Extensive grazing system
-Zero grazing
-Semi-intensive system
🐐SUPPLEMENTARY FEEDING
Nutrient & Source
-Roughage (bulk feeds) SOURCE
Maize stover, rapoko and sorghum stalks, millet and wheat straws
ENERGY FEEDS
Maize, sorghum, rapoko grains. Maize and sorghum need not be milled
PROTEIN FEEDS
Legume residue such as cowpeas, groundnuts, round nuts, velvet beans or sugar beans , browse pods and leaves
MARKETING
-Informal markets
-Private abattoirs and butchered
-Private slaughter
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🐐CLASSIFICATION OF GOAT CARCASSES
- Super
2.Choice
3.Standard
4.Inferior
🐐GOAT MILK
-Can be sold fresh or fermented
-Can be processed to cheese or yoghurt
🐐🐐🐐🐐🐐🐐🐐
Afrostain
Afrostain Farmtech
12 Cass Avenue
Hillside
Harare
afrostain.co.zw
+263 71 268 9214
[email protected]
